In 1960 Michael Jameson of the Department of Classical Studies at the University of Pennsylvania published the editio princeps of an inscription from Troezen in the Argolid purporting to represent a decree of the Athenian strategos Themistokles. Because the text appears to conflict with the Herodotean account of the Persian Wars, for fifty years scholars have struggled with the authenticity of this document. Is it an inept Hellenistic copy of the original from ca. 481 BCE? is it an amalgam of decrees from the 5th-3rd centuries? or, is it a forgery, a 3rd century attempt to reimagine the past for contemporary purposes? This paper will review the scholarly assessment of Jameson’s discovery and attempt to reconcile the decree with both classical and Hellenistic Greek history.