Andreia and Ancient Constructs of "Manly Courage"

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The Penn-Leiden Colloquia on Ancient Values, I

University of Leiden, 2-4 June 2000

What abstract principles govern the way people behave, or are supposed to behave, and how do such principles give rise to actual moral codes? All societies, whether consciously or not, define themselves according to the "values" they hold. The recent debates within our own culture about the nature and stability of values have encouraged scholars to re-examine with similar rigor, and a distinctly late twentieth-century perspective, the values and value systems of classical antiquity. Many scholars have already begun to re-consider ancient definitions of moral concepts, and they have become increasingly sensitive to the ways in which evaluative terms were manipulated in the construction of self and society. What a given society calls "good", for example, or what they define as "liberty" or "justice", often reveals as much about how they want to be perceived from without, as it does about how they actually behave from within. It is often at precisely these moments of discontinuity between ideology and social practice where we can gain the most profound insights about ancient cultures.

Organizers

Ineke Sluiter, Leiden

Ralph Rosen, Penn

Friday, June 2

12:00–1:00 p.m. Registration, Coffee

1:00–1:30 p.m. Welcome and Opening Remarks

Ralph Rosen (University of Pennsylvania), "Whose Andreia?" 

Session I, Philosophy

1:30–3:00 p.m. Four short presentations followed by discussion

  1. David Wolfsdorf (Fairfield University), "Andreia: Dispositions and Actions, Virtues and Consequences in Plato's Laches"
  2. Sarah Klitenic (Trinity College, Dublin), "The Relationship Between Andreia and Sophrosyne in Plato's Statesman"
  3. Helen Cullyer (Yale University), "How Can Andreia be Knowledge? The Stoic Solution of a Socratic Paradox" 
  4. Stephen White (University of Texas, Austin), From Fortitude to Magnanimity: Civil Courage in Cicero and Panaetius"  

3:00–3:20 Tea

Session II, The Politics and Economics of Andreia

3:20–5:20 p.m. Three 20-minute papers followed by 20-minute discussions

  1. Karen Bassi (University of California, Santa Cruz), "The Semantics of Manliness in Ancient Greece" 
  2. Matthew Crawford (University of Chicago), "The Problem Posed to Democratic Politics by Republican Manliness: Pederasty in Classical Athens" 
  3. Edward Cohen (University of Pennsylvania), "Unprofitable Masculinity: The Economic Cost of Andreia at Athens" 

7:00 p.m. Reception and Dinner

Saturday, June 3

Session III, Andreia and the Gods

9:00–10:20 a.m. Two 20-minute papers followed by 20-minute discussions

  1. Marguerite Deslauriers (McGill University), "Andreia, Divine and Sub-Human Virtues" 
  2. Peter Struck (University of Pennsylvania), "Divination, Andreia and Virtus: The Divine and the Formation of Social Goods" 

10:20–10:40 a.m. Coffee

Session IV, Andreia, Geography, Ethnicity

10:40–12:00 a.m. Two 20-minute papers followed by 20-minute discussions

  1. Sarah Harrell (University of Virginia), "Marvelous Andreia: Politics, Geography, and Ethnicity in Herodotus' Histories"
  2. Suzanne Said (Columbia), "The Virility of the Barbarians from Herodotus to Strabo" 

12:00–1:30 p.m. Lunch

Session V, Manly Bodies

1:30–2:50 p.m. Two 20-minute papers followed by 20-minute discussions

  1. George Robertson (University of Toronto), "Beauty and Bravery: the Epitaph of Xenokles (CEG 19)" 
  2. Onno van Nijf (University of Groningen), "Athletics, Andreia and the Askesis-Culture in the Roman East" 

2:50–3:10 p.m. Tea

Session VI, Roman Constructs of Manly Courage

3:10–4:30 p.m. Two 20-minute papers followed by 20-minute discussions

  1. Piet Schrijvers (University of Leiden), "The Concept of Fortitudo in Cicero's Work" 
  2. Myles McDonnell (Bowdoin College), "Andreia, Virtus, and Manly Courage in Republican Rome" 

4:30–4:50 p.m. Tea

4:50–6:10 p.m. Two 20-minute papers followed by 20-minute discussions

  1. Alban Baudou (Université Laval), "The virtus feminarum and the vir Romanus" 
  2. Karl Enenkel (University of Leiden), "True and educative virtus (fortitudo), suspect virtus, or no virtus at all: On Roman Literary and Philosophical Evaluations of Gladiatorial Combats" 

Evening free

Sunday, June 4

Session VII, The Rhetoric of Andreia

9:30–10:50 a.m. Two 20-minute papers followed by 20-minute discussions

  1. Joseph Roisman (Colby College), "The Rhetoric of Courage in the Attic Orators"  
  2. Adriaan Rademaker (University of Leiden), "'Most Citizens are Euryprôktoi Now': Notions of Unmanliness in Aristophanic Comedy" 

10:50–11:10 a.m. Coffee

Session VIII, Paradoxical Andreia

11:10–12:30 Two 20-minute papers followed by 20-minute discussions

  1. Jeremy McInerney (University of Pennsylvania), "Plutarch's Mulierum Virtutes and Displaced Anxieties" 
  2. Joy Connolly (University of Washington), "How to Make Elegance a Manly Virtue: Heraclean Labors in the Second Sophistic" 

12:30–1:00 p.m. Summation and Concluding Remarks

Ineke Sluiter (University of Leiden) 

1:00–2:30 Final lunch